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Three-dimensional geological modeling of the shallow subsurface and its application: a case study in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China

Авторы
Хэ Х.Пекинский институт геологических исследований, г. Пекин, Китай
Сяо Цз.Пекинский институт геологических исследований, г. Пекин, Китай
Хэ Цз.Пекинский институт геологических исследований, г. Пекин, Китай
Вэй Б.Пекинский институт геологических исследований, г. Пекин, Китай
Ма С.Факультет компьютерных наук Университета Айдахо, г. Москоу, шт. Айдахо, США
Хуан Ф.Институт минеральных ресурсов Китайской академии геологических наук, г. Пекин, Китай
Цай С.Пекинский институт геологических исследований, г. Пекин, Китай
Чжоу Ю.Пекинский институт геологических исследований, г. Пекин, Китай
Би Цз.Компания PetroChina Changqing Oilfield (Компания «Нефтяное месторождение “Чунцин” нефтегазовой компании “Петрочайна”»), г. Сиань, Китай
Чжао И.Пекинский муниципальный институт городского планирования и проектирования, г. Пекин, Китай
Ван Ч.Пекинский институт геологических исследований, г. Пекин, Китай
Вэй Цз.Пекинский институт геологических исследований, г. Пекин, Китай

Abstract: We present a slightly abridged and adapted translation of the paper “Three-dimensional geological modeling of the shallow subsurface and its application: a case study in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China” written by Chinese specialists ( He et al., 2023). It was published in 2023 in the journal “Applied Sciences” by the MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute). It is an open access paper under the CC BY 4.0 license that allows it to be distributed, translated, adapted, and supplemented, provided that the types of changes are noted and the original source is referred to. In our case, the full reference to the original paper (He et al., 2023), which was used for the presented translation, is given in the end.

Three-dimensional (3D) geological models are currently needed and used independently for urban development. The main difficulty in constructing a 3D geological model of a shallow subsurface is to determine the stratigraphic distribution. Highly variable properties and geometries of geological units beneath lead to difficulty. It is key to find a practicable and efficient way to construct a model in practical work. This study takes Tongzhou District (Beijing) as a case; 476 boreholes (40 newly drilled and 436 existing engineering boreholes) were utilized combined with the cross-section method to construct an integrated 3D geological model. The framework and analyses contributed to the following applications.

1. High-quality information from new boreholes and existing engineering boreholes were used to define stratigraphy and build cross-sections.

2. The resulting geological model (up to 50 m beneath Tongzhou area) shows many details of the shallow subsurface. This includes 10 major layers which were grouped into three cyclothems representing cyclic sequences of clay, interbedded silt, sand, and gravel with variable quantities of lenses.

3. The new model was used as a tool to visualize the depth and geometry variations below ground and to characterize a large variety of properties (for example, the compression modulus analyzed in this paper) that each unit contains, and then to evaluate the underground geological conditions.

4. An analysis of a dynamic monitoring model based on the resulting 3D model indicated that the geological units (sand and silty clay) at depths between 30 m and 40 m, with an average vertical deformation of 0.97 mm, from July 2019 to September 2020, are suitable for underground construction, from the perspective of vertical stability in the study area. Monitoring models that take time into consideration based on a 3D framework will be further explored.

The translation of the paper was carried out with the support of the “PETROMODELING” Group of Companies and Aleksey Bershov.

Keywords: three-dimensional geological model; shallow subsurface; geotechnical properties; cross-sections; urban underground space; monitoring station; Tongzhou District

DOI: https://doi.org/10.58339/2949-0677-2025-7-2-80-99

UDC: 004.94; 624.131

For citation: He H., Xiao J., He J., Wei B., Ma X., Huang F., Cai X., Zhou Yu., Bi J.; Zhao Yi., Wang Ch., Wei J. Trekhmernoe geologicheskoe modelirovanie verkhnei chasti podzemnogo prostranstva i ego ispol'zovanie na primere issledovaniya v raione Tunchzhou, g. Pekin, Kitai (per. s angl.) [Three-dimensional geological modeling of the shallow subsurface and its application: a case study in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China (translated from English into Russian)] // Geoinfo. 2025. T. 7. № 2. S. 80–99. DOI:10.58339/2949-0677-2025-7-2-80-99 (in Rus.)

Funding: This work was carried out with financial support from the project “Three-Dimensional Modeling of Urban Underground Resources and the Environment in the Tongzhou District of Beijing” (0747-1761SITCN070)

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