Электронный журнал «ГеоИнфо» - GeoInfo №4/2024

Abstract: We present a slightly abridged (without supplementary data) and adapted translation of the paper “Attributing observed permafrost warming in the Northern hemisphere to anthropogenic climate change” by German and Swiss researchers (Gudmundsson et al., 2022). It was published in the journal “Environmental Research Letters” by the publishing company of the British scientific society “Institute of Physics” (IOP) that is now virtually international. It is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license that allows it to be distributed, translated, adapted, and supplemented, provided that the types of changes are noted and the original source is referred to. In our case, the full reference to the original paper (Gudmundsson et al., 2022) used for the presented translation is given in the end. Permafrost temperatures are increasing globally with the potential of adverse environmental and socio-economic impacts. Nonetheless, the attribution of observed permafrost warming to anthropogenic climate change has relied mostly on qualitative evidence. This paper compares long permafrost temperature records from 15 boreholes in the Northern hemisphere to simulated ground temperatures from Earth system models contributing to CMIP6, using a climate change detection and attribution approach. The article shows that neither pre-industrial climate variability nor natural drivers of climate change suffice to explain the observed warming in permafrost temperature averaged over all boreholes. However, simulations are consistent with observations if the effects of human emissions on the global climate system are considered. Moreover, the performed analysis reveals that the effect of anthropogenic climate change on permafrost temperature is detectable at some of the boreholes. Thus, the presented evidence supports the conclusion that anthropogenic climate change is the key driver of northern hemisphere permafrost warming.

Keywords: permafrost; global warming; detection; attribution.

Abstract: The article provides a brief description of five types of habitats of terrestrial vertebrates that are inherent in various altitudinal belts of the southwestern part of the Badzhal Ridge. Information on the species diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in each type of habitat is presented. It is a result of generalization of the results of zoological studies performed by the SHANECO Group of Companies JSC on 1–10 October 2018, 15–23 June 2019, and 13–21 August 2022 as part of engineering-environmental surveys for the objects of the Pravourmiyskoye Tin-Ore Deposit. 43 species of terrestrial vertebrates, including 2 species of amphibians, 1 species of reptiles, 28 species of birds and 12 species of mammals, were observed in the surveyed altitudinal belts. The highest species diversity of terrestrial vertebrates within the territory under consideration was founded in the slope larch forest (21 species), and the lowest diversity was founded in the loach (goltys) altitudinal belt (4 species).

Keywords: Badzhal Ridge; Pravourmiyskoye Tin-Ore Deposit; altitudinal belt; engineering-environmental surveys; zoological research; terrestrial vertebrates; habitat; species diversity.

Abstract: The specificity of any extended linear structure is that along the length of its route the types of design solutions are different and, in some cases, individual. Among other things, the designers of autoroads and railways often deal with that the routes of linear structures cross areas composed of soft soils. Individual or group design solutions should be based on geotechnical calculations. The choice of the optimal option for strengthening and stabilizing the ground base or for accelerating the consolidation period must be carried out on the basis of comparing the results of joint calculations of the deformations and their development time, stability and steadiness of the ground base with the use of numerical methods based on the finite element method and mathematical models. The proposed article is devoted to solving these problems.

Keywords: linear structures; autoroads; railways; embankment; ground base; soft soils; strengthening; stabilizing; individual geotechnical design; design solutions; geotechnical calculations.

Abstract: Since July 2024, construction companies related to government projects and shared construction are required to use technologies of information modeling (TIM, engl. Building Information Modeling – BIM). This applies to survey and design contracts concluded after 1 July 2024 and construction permits received after 1 January 2025. If survey and design documents were completed earlier and the construction permit will be received after 1 January 2025, an information model should also be created for these works. Builders are trying by hook or by crook to delay the transition to three- dimensional information modeling as much as possible. They do not want to be transparent, for example for customers. It is not profitable for them. Experts say that surveyors, estimators and designers also had difficulties concerning the adaptation in this direction, but not as painful ones as builders had. Fanatical supporters of digitalization see the only reason in the builders' resistance – harmfulness. Specialists, who do not consider themselves opponents of digitalization, but also do not see only a "wow effect" in it, are ready to explain why a construction site is not easy to digitize and fit into a BIM model like a factory production. There is no consensus on the concepts of TIM and BIM: are they the same things or not? There is a popular opinion that TIM is BIM translated into Russian, but with the use of Russian software. Companies, which have worked with BIM, are skeptical about TIM. And someone does not need neither TIM, BIM nor DIM (digital information modeling of capital construction objects). The editorial staff of the “Geoinfo” journal has collected various points of view from professional chats and various opinions of participants of the conference “Changes in the legislation – 2024. A course to digitalization” (organized by Techexpert Corporate Solutions group of companies). The problems of resisting builders were discussed at the section “Digitalization of construction: from design towards operation” of this conference.

Keywords: construction companies; government projects; share building; information modeling technologies (TIM); three-dimensional information modeling; digitalization of construction; transparency for market participants; resistance of builders.

Abstract: Oleg Zhdaneev, doctor of technical sciences, head of the Competence Center for Technological Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex (FEC) at the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, gave an open lecture at the Center for MBA International Programs of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA). He explained what is meant by technological sovereignty, what import substitution should be, how much it is possible to depend on imports, and why no country in the world has complete localization of industry. From this article, you will also learn: why import substitution was actively discussed only after the events of February 2022; what to do so that people choose technical professions and do not go abroad; why money in personnel policy solves a lot, but not everything.

Keywords: technological sovereignty; independence from imports; import substitution; independent economic infrastructure; sovereignty of industry branches; sovereignty of industry directions; cooperation of industry branches; “industry-science” interconnection; self-realization; personnel policy.

Abstract: The use of information modeling technologies (TIM, BIM) is mandatory from July 2024 for government contract and residential construction objects. Companies, which are not involved in such work, can work as before, i.e. without TIM (information modeling technologies), or BIM (Building Information Modeling). The introduction of these technologies requires the expansion of staff. Such a company must have a BIM manager. Who is this person? And how does he or she differ from a BIM coordinator, chief project engineer (CPE) and project manager (PM)? These are debatable questions. The editorial staff of the “Geoinfo” journal studied this topic and conducted a survey of experts. You will find out what the BIM manager, who will be hired by you, will do, and whether it is possible to do without him or her. By the way, it is possible.

Keywords: information modeling technologies (TIM); building information modeling (BIM); BIM technologies; BIM modeling; BIM manager; BIM coordinator; BIM author; chief project engineer (CPI); project manager (PM); economy.