A brief review of the effect of wildfires on rockfall occurrence

ПЕРЕС-РЕЙ И.

Лаборатория геотехники Испанского национального научно-исследовательского центра по гражданскому строительству (CEDEX), г. Мадрид, Испания; Группа исследований по безопасному и устойчивому управлению минеральными ресурсами (GESSMin Group) отдела природных ресурсов и инженерных методов защиты окружающей среды Научно-исследовательского центра технологий, энергетики и производственных процессов (CINTECX) Университета Виго, г. Виго, Испания

ignacio.perez@cedex.es

САРРО Р.

Департамент природных опасностей Геологической службы Испании (IGME), г. Мадрид, Испания

ТОМАС Р.

Факультет гражданского строительства Университета Аликанте, г. Аликанте, Испания

АЛЕХАНО Л.Р.

Группа исследований по безопасному и устойчивому управлению минеральными ресурсами (GESSMin Group) отдела природных ресурсов и инженерных методов защиты окружающей среды Научно-исследовательского центра технологий, энергетики и производственных процессов (CINTECX) Университета Виго, г. Виго, Испания

ЭРНАНДЕС ГУТЬЕРРЕС Л.Э.

Региональная служба исследований экологических воздействий Правительства Канарских островов, провинция Тенерифе, Испания

МАТЕОС Р.М.

Департамент природных опасностей Геологической службы Испании (IGME), г. Мадрид, Испания

РИКЕЛЬМЕ А.

Факультет гражданского строительства Университета Аликанте, г. Аликанте, Испания

Скачать препринт

We present a slightly abridged and adapted translation of the report “A brief review of the effect of wildfires on rockfall occurrence” by Spanish specialists (Perez-Rey et al., 2023). This report was presented at the Regional Symposium of International Society for Rock Mechanics “Rock and Fracture Mechanics in Rock Engineering and Mining” (“Eurock 2022”) in Helsinki, Finland. It was also published as an article in the journal “Earth and Environmental Science” by the publishing company of the British scientific society “Institute of Physics” (IOP) that is now virtually international. It is an open access article under the CC BY 3.0 license that allows it to be distributed, translated, adapted, and supplemented, provided that the types of changes are noted and the original source is referred to. In our case, the full reference to the original paper (Perez-Rey et al., 2023) used for the presented translation is given in the end. Wildfires and rockfalls are among the major hazards in forested mountainous regions across Europe. Understanding processes and conditions that lead to rockfalls during and after a wildfire in different geological contexts is, therefore, of great relevance. The increase of rockfalls associated with the occurrence of wildfires is connected to several factors. Wildfires cause changes in the mechanical properties of rocks and discontinuities as well as the loss of protective capacity from vegetation, complemented by the effect induced by firefighting activities and by extreme temperatures that may deteriorate the installed protective measures. After the occurrence of a wildfire, there is an increase in the frequency and intensity of rockfalls in the burned area, causing a major impact of rockfalls on road networks and inhabited areas. Additionally, the rockfall risk perception is usually increased due to the removal of vegetation by wildfires, exposing both rock blocks and the rock mass. In this review, the main factors that influence the occurrence of rockfalls after a wildfire are briefly reviewed.

DOI: Нет информации

УДК: 551.3; 614.841.42; 630*43

Финансирование: Нет информации

Ссылка для цитирования: Perez-Rey I., Sarro R., Tomas R., Alejano L.R., Hernandez Gutierrez L.E., Mateos R.M., Riquelme A. Kratkiy obzor vliyaniya lesnyh pozharov na vozniknoveniye kampepadov [A brief review of the effect of wildfires on rockfall occurrence] (translated from English into Russian) // Geoinfo. 2024. T. 6. № 3. S. 6–14 DOI:10.58339/2949-0677-2024-6-3-6-14 (in Rus.)

Статья в РИНЦ: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=71236733

Ключевые слова: mountainous regions; forest; wildfire; burned area; rocks; mechanical properties; discontinuities; rockfalls; frequency; intensity; installed protective measures.

Список литературы

Wotton B.M., Gould J.S., McCaw W.L., Cheney N.P., Taylor S.W. // Int. J. Wildland Fire. 2012. Vol. 21. P. 270–281.
San Miguel J., Durrant T., Boca R., Maianti P., Liberta G., Artes T., Jacome D., Branco A., De Rigo D., Ferrari D., Pfeiffer H., Grecchi R., Nuijten D., Leray T. Forest fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2019. Publications Office of the European Union, 2020. ISBN 978-92-76-23208-7.
Andrade A., Bello J., Chopo S., Elazar J.M., Enriquez E., Hernandez E., Lopez-Santalla A., Munoz A. Los incendios forestales en Espana: decenio 2006–2015. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentaci?on, 2019. ISBN 003190315.
Cannon S.H., Gartner J.E., Rupert M.G., Michael J.A., Rea A.H., Parrett C. Predicting the probability and volume of postwildfire debris flows in the intermountain western United States // Geological Society of America Bulletin. 2010. Vol. 122. N. 1/2. P. 127–144. DOI:10.1130/B26459.1.
Santi P., Cannon S., DeGraff J. Treatise on Geomorphology (ed. by J.F. Shroder). San Diego: Academic Press, 2013. P. 262–287. ISBN 978-0-08-088522-3.
Staley D.M., Tillery A.C., Kean J.W., McGuire L.A., Pauling H.E., Rengers F.K., Smith J.B. Estimating post-fire debris-flow hazards prior to wildfire using a statistical analysis of historical distributions of fire severity from remote sensing data // Int. J. Wildland Fire. 2018. Vol. 27. P. 595–608.
De Graff J.V., Gallegos A.J. The challenge of improving identification of rockfall hazard after wildfires // Environmental & Engineering Geoscience. 2012. Vol. 18. P. 389–397.
Parise M., Cannon S.H. Wildfire impacts on the processes that generate debris flows in burned watersheds // Nat. Hazards. 2012. Vol. 61. N. 1. P. 217–227. DOI:10.1007/s11069-011-9769-9.
Nyman P., Sheridan G.J., Smith H.G., Lane P.N.J. Evidence of debris flow occurrence after wildfire in upland catchments of south- east Australia // Geomorphology 2011. Vol. 125. N. 3. P. 383–401. DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.016.
Cui Y., Cheng D., Chan D. Investigation of Post-Fire Debris Flows in Montecito // ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019. Vol. 8. N. 1. Article 5. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8010005.
Kean J.W., Staley D.M., Cannon S.H. In situ measurements of post-fire debris flows in southern California: comparisons of the timing and magnitude of 24 debris-flow events with rainfall and soil moisture conditions // Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface. 2011. Vol. 116. N. 4. DOI:10.1029/2011JF002005.
Carabella C., Miccadei E., Paglia G., Sciarra N. Post-Wildfire Landslide Hazard Assessment: The Case of The 2017 Montagna Del Morrone Fire (Central Apennines, Italy) // Geosciences. 2019. Vol. 9. Article 175. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9040175.
Rengers F.K., McGuire L.A., Oakley N.S., Kean J.W., Staley D.M., Tang H. Landslides after wildfire: initiation, magnitude, and mobility // Landslides. 2020. Vol. 17. P. 2631–2641.
Dowling C.A., Santi P.M. Debris flows and their toll on human life: A global analysis of debris-flow fatalities from 1950 to 2011 // Nat. Hazards. 2014. Vol. 71. N. 1. P. 203–227. DOI:10.1007/s11069-013-0907-4.
Jaccard C.J., Abbruzzese J.M., Howald E.P. An evaluation of the performance of rock fall protection measures and their role in hazard zoning // Nat. Hazards 2020. Vol. 104. P. 459–491.
Sarro R., Mateos R.M., Garcia-Moreno I., Herrera G., Reichenbach P., Lain L., Paredes C. The Son Poc rockfall (Mallorca, Spain) on the 6th of March 2013: 3D simulation // Landslides. 2014. Vol. 11. P. 493–503. ISSN 1612-5118.
Melzner S., Shtober-Zisu N., Katz O., Wittenberg L. Brief communication: post-wildfire rockfall risk in the eastern Alps // Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2019. Vol. 19. P. 2879–2885. DOI:10.5194/nhess-19-2879-2019.
Gehring E., Maringer J. Disturbance calls for disaster: why forest fires increase landslides and rockfall hazards // Research Outreach. 2020. URL: https://researchoutreach.org/articles/disturbances-disaster-forest-fires-increase-landslides-rockfall-hazards/.
Gomez-Heras M., McCabe S., Smith B.J., Fort R. Impacts of fire on stone-built heritage // Journal of Architectural Conservation. 2009. Vol. 15. N. 2. P. 47-58.
Vick L.M., Zimmer V., White C., Massey C., Davies T. Significance of substrate soil moisture content for rockfall hazard assessment // Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2019. Vol. 19. P. 1105-1117. ISSN 1561-8633. URL: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhss-19-1105-2019.
Rammer W., Brauner M., Ruprecht H., Lexer M.J. Evaluating the effects of forest management on rockfall protection and timber production at slope scale // Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 2015. Vol. 30. N. 8. P. 719-731. ISSN 0282-7581. URL: https:// doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2015.1046911
Stoffel M., Wehrli A., Kuhne R., Dorren L.K.A., Perret S., Kienholz H. Assessing the protective effect of mountain forests against rockfall using a 3D simulation model // Forest Ecology and Management. 2006. Vol. 225. N. 1. P. 113-122. ISSN 03781127. DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.030.
Sarro R., Maria Mateos R., Reichenbach P., Aguilera H., Riquelme A., Hernandez-Gutierrez L.E., Martin A., Barra A., Solari L., Monserrat O., Alvioli M., Fernandez-Merodo J.A., Lopez-Vinieles J., Herrera G. Geotechnics for rockfall assessment in the volcanic island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) // Journal of Maps. 2020. Vol. 16. P. 605-613. DOI:10.1080/17445647.2020.1806125.
David C., Menendez B., Darot M. Influence of stress-induced and thermal cracking on physical properties and microstructure of la peyrate granite // International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 1999. Vol. 4. P. 433-448. ISSN 0148-9062.
Sygala A., Bukowska M., Janoszek T. High temperature versus geomechanical parameters of selected rocks - the present state of research // Journal of Sustainable Mining. 2013. Vol. 12. N. 4. P. 45-51. ISSN 2300-3960. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S2300396015300689.
Zhao Zh. Thermal influence on mechanical properties of granite: a microcracking perspective // Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2016. Vol. 49. N. 3. P. 747-762. DOI:10.1007/s00603-015-0767-1.
Hajpal M., Torok A. Mineralogical and colour changes of quartz sandstones by heat // Env. Geol. 2004. Vol. 46. P. 311-322. ISSN 1432-0495 URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1034-z.
Vazquez P., Shushakova V., Gomez-Heras M. Influence of mineralogy on granite decay induced by temperature increase: Experimental observations and stress simulation // Engineering Geology. 2015. Vol. 189. P. 58-67. ISSN 0013-7952.
Martinez-Ibanez V., Benavente D., Hidalgo Signes C., Tomas R., Garrido M.E. Temperature-induced explosive behaviour and thermo- chemical damage on pyrite-bearing limestones: causes and mechanisms // Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2021. Vol. 54. P. 219-234. ISSN 1434-453X.
Gomez-Heras M., Vazquez P., Fort R., Carrizo L., Alonso F.J. Effects of high temperatures in building granites: micro-cracking patterns and ultrasound velocity attenuation // 19th Congress of the Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association. Thessaloniki, Greece, 23-26 September 2010: Abstracts Volume. 2010.
Liu S., Xu J. Mechanical properties of Qinling biotite granite after high temperature treatment // International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2014. Vol. 71. P. 188-193. ISSN 1365-1609. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.07.008.
Yin T.B., Shu R.H., Li X.B., Wang P., Liu X.L. Comparison of mechanical properties in high temperature and thermal treatment granite // Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2016. Vol. 26. N. 7. P. 1926-1937. ISSN 1003-6326. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1003632616614311X.
Biro A., Hlavicka V., Lubby E. Effect of fire-related temperatures on natural stones // Construction and Building Materials. 2019. Vol. 212. N. 7. P. 92-101. DOI:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.333.
Kumari W.G.P., Ranjith P.G., Perera M.S.A., Chen B.K., Abdulagatov I.M. Temperature-dependent mechanical behaviour of Australian Strathbogie granite with different cooling treatments // Engineering Geology. 2017. Vol. 229. P. 31-44. ISSN 0013-7952 URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795217304593.
Shao S., Wasantha P.L.P., Ranjith P.G., Chen B.K. Effect of cooling rate on the mechanical behavior of heated Strathbogie granite with different grain sizes // International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2014. Vol. 70. P. 381-387. ISSN 1365-1609. DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.04.003.
Zhang F., Zhao J., Hu D., Skoczylas F., Shao J. Laboratory investigation on physical and mechanical properties of granite after heating and water-cooling treatment // Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2018. Vol. 51. P. 677-694. ISSN 1434-453X. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1350-8.
Khamrat S., Thongprapha T., Fuenkajorn K. Thermal effects on shearing resistance of fractures in Tak granite // Journal of Structural Geology. 2018. Vol. 111. P. 64-74. ISSN 0191-8141.
Tang Z.C. Experimental investigation on temperature-dependent shear behaviors of granite discontinuity // Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2020. Vol. 53. N. 9. P. 4043-4060. ISSN 1434-453X.
Kim T., Jeon S. Experimental study on shear behavior of a rock discontinuity under various thermal, hydraulic and mechanical conditions // Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2019. Vol. 52. P. 2207-2226. ISSN 1434-453X. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1723-7.
Zabota B., Mikos M., Kobal M. Rockfall modelling in forested areas: the role of digital terrain model spatial resolution // Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. Preprint. European Geosciences Union, 2019. Preprint nhes-2019-372. URL: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhss-2019-372.
Moos C., Dorren L., Stoffel M. Quantifying the effect of forests on frequency and intensity of rockfalls // Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2017. Vol. 17. N. 2. P. 291–304. ISSN 1684-9981. DOI:10.5194/nhess-17-291-2017.
Dupire S., Bourrier F., Monnet J.M., Bigot S., Borgniet L., Berger F., Curt T. The protective effect of forests against rockfalls across the French Alps: Influence of forest diversity // Forest Ecology and Management. 2016.Vol. 382. P. 269–279. ISSN 03781127. DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.020.
Jonsson M.J.O. Energy absorption of trees in a rockfall protection forest: Ph.D. thesis. ETH Zurich, 2007.
Dorren L.K.A., Berger F., Putters U.S. Real-size experiments and 3-D simulation of rockfall on forested and non-forested slopes // Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 2006. Vol. 6. P. 145–153. ISSN 1684-9981. URL: https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/6/145/2006/nhess- 6-145-2006.pdf.
Davis K.T., Dobrowski S.Z., Higuera P.E., Holden Z.A., Veblen T.T., Rother M.T., Parks S.A., Sala A., Maneta M.P. Wildfires and climate change push low-elevation forests across a critical climate threshold for tree regeneration // PNAS. 2019. Vol. 116. N. 13. P. 6193–6198. URL: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1815107116.
Dorren L., Berger F., Jonsson M., Krautblatter M., Molk M., Stoffel M., Wehrli A. State of the art in rockfall – forest interactions // Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen. 2007. Vol. 158. N. 6. P. 128–141. ISSN 0036-7818. URL: https://doi.org/ 10.3188/szf.2007.0128.
Jancke O., Berger F., Dorren L.K.A. Mechanical resistance of coppice stems derived from full-scale impact tests // Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2013. Vol. 38. N. 9. P. 994–1003. ISSN 1096-9837. DOI:10.1002/esp.3381. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/esp.3381.
Zavala L.M., De Celis R., Jordan A. How wildfires affect soil properties. A brief review // Cuadernos de Investigacion Geografica. 2014. Vol. 40. N. 2. P. 311–332. ISSN 1697-9540, 0211-6820. URL: https://publicaciones.unirioja.es/ojs/index.php/ cig/article/view/2522.
Sabatakakis N., Depountis N., Vagenas N. Evaluation of Rockfall Restitution Coefficients //: Engineering Geology for Society and Territory. Springer International Publishing, 2015. Vol. 2. P. 2023–2026. ISBN 978-3-319-09056-6 978-3-319-09057-3.
Administration U.S.F. Firefighters fatalities: report. 2020
MAP. Fallecidos en incendios forestales en (Espana), 1991-2015: tech. rep. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion, 2016.